In the Super Mario 3D All-Stars port of the game for the Nintendo Switch, the game's cutscenes were re-rendered into HD. However, an error slipped through where Princess Peach can now be seen T-posing during the game's opening sequence just after Bowser's airships drop their anchors into Peach's Castle.

The Toy Time Galaxy theme may be based on "Mario Syndrome", an alternative dance remix of the Super Mario Bros. overworld theme by Japanese act Bonus 21 that was released as a 12" and cassette single in 1986. The Toy Time Galaxy theme features similar instrumentation and compositional choices as "Mario Syndrome", though foregoes the 1986 song's dance elements.

There are unused animations of Mario performing punches and playing Tennis.

A large castle area called "Starmans Fort" is still present in the games files, but was never finished and went unused in the final game for unknown reasons.

Due to an unusual mistake, people who preordered the game from GameStop received an automated phone call from them claiming it was a Mature rated game.

In the level Good Egg Galaxy, there's a sign post hidden behind the door that Mario can "Read", made to act as a message on the door. This was done by the developers as a shortcut so instead of having to program a readable door.

After collecting x9999 starbits, all of the coconuts turn into watermelons.

In the final chapter of Rosalina's storybook, in the French version on one of the pages, the line is different than compared to the version shown in the game in other regions. When translated, the line reads:

"I would like, once every hundred years, to return back to my blue planet, and doze on the knees of my father, stroking the mustache that was his pride."

The Dusty Dune Galaxy has a similar name to the Dusty Dunes Desert from Earthbound. However, this is most likely a coincidence.

The idea for Super Mario Galaxy simply came from the game's producer, Shigeru Miyamoto, saying to the game's director, Yoshiaki Koizumi "Hey, can you make something with spherical worlds?" This idea became defined over a long period of time and would eventually turn into Super Mario Galaxy.

Miyamoto was known to provide vague comments and feedback that not many workers at Nintendo could completely understand and that only Koizumi was able to figure out the context for.

Within the game's files is an unused land mine. Though it goes unused, by modifying the game to insert it back into a level, it appears to be fully functional.

A collection of realistic-looking bugs can be found in the game's files rigged and animated. It is unknown what these bugs would have been used for.

Rosalina was originally going to have a beehive hairstyle along with short straight-cut bangs, and long, curly locks in front of her ears. She also had more unique facial features, rather than looking similar to Peach. Her dress, however, was changed to look less like that of Peach or Daisy.

In the Rolling Gizmo Galaxy, there is a hidden cluster of Star Bits that resembles a Blue Rupee from the Legend of Zelda series.

An unused Luma called "Ticojii" is present in the game's data. Ticojii vaguely resembles Eldstar from Paper Mario, and the Millennium Star from Mario Party 3.

Koichi Hayashida, the Director of Super Mario Galaxy 2 and Level Design Director of Super Mario Galaxy, provided the voice for Major Burrows.

Yoshi was originally going to be in the game but was removed due to the developers thinking that "it would've been too much all at once." They said that, "if you're going to put Yoshi in a game, he has to be a main element, but [Super Mario Galaxy] had spherical land forms and gravity shifts and lots of elements that were entirely new" and, "Even if we had used him, we might have only been able to use him on a single stage."

Rosalina's Storybook was written by Yoshiaki Koizumi, who wrote it at night without anybody knowing what he was doing. The following day he presented the story to Shigeru Miyamoto, who was surprised when Yoshiaki told him that nobody else knew about it.

Strangely, when the player plays as Luigi in the mission "Luigi and the Haunted Mansion" the trapped Luigi will still call out for Mario. This could either be something the developers missed or the fact that he could have been expecting Mario to rescue him.

Star Bits from Super Mario Galaxy and Gratitude Crystals from Skyward Sword are based on candy. The candy is called Konpeitō and is popular in Japan.

There is a hidden toy train in the Toy Time Galaxy. It serves no purpose and was likely a gag by developers.

On the game's cover, certain letters in the title have a small star under them. Reading only these letters spells out "U R MR GAY" - either a funny coincidence or a joke played by the cover artist. The letters sparkle on the title screen as well, leading more credence to the joke.

Unused models for Bully, an enemy from Super Mario 64, are present in the game's data, complete with animation.

In the Deep Dark Galaxy, on the shrinking planet , you can crawl into the blue house and see the inside of the of the planet. Also the walls are not solid on the inside, so you can walk out.

The Japanese Super Mario Galaxy announces "Star get!" when the player acquires a Star, and "Grand Star get!" when they get a Grand Star. In the U.S. version, the grammar was cleaned up to read "You got a Star!" and "You got a Grand Star!" A similar change occurred in Super Mario Sunshine, where "Shine get!" was changed to "Shine!"

The battle against Megaleg is based on a scrapped concept of the final battle in The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, where Link would have to scale Ganon's (then-colossal) body in order to defeat him.

During the Spaceworld event of August 1, 2000, a tech demo called Super Mario 128 was shown featuring many clones of Mario. The tech demo also featured sphere walking which was later used prominently in Super Mario Galaxy.

There is a planetoid in the Space Junk Galaxy that looks a lot like the ship from Pikmin 2.

There is a planetoid in Buoy Base Galaxy that looks like a Poké Ball.